See penghulu on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ms",
"3": "penghulu"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from Malay penghulu",
"name": "unadapted borrowing"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from Malay penghulu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penghulus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penghulu (plural penghulus)",
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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},
{
"_dis": "63 1 4 12 17 1 1",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 1 3 15 24 1 1",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
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{
"ref": "2015, Eka Kurniawan, translated by Labodalih Sembiring, Man Tiger, Verso, page 17:",
"text": "As soon as she graduated, Anwar Sadat dragged her and the classmate said to be responsible to a penghulu, who could officiate at the wedding.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 November 30, Rahayu Mahzam, “Second Reading Speech by Senior Parl Sec, Mdm Rahayu Mahzam, on State Lands Protection Bill”, in Ministry of Law (Singapore):",
"text": "Outdated provisions such as the appointment of forest rangers and penghulus to carry out duties, which are no longer relevant to modern Singapore, will also be removed.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A local chief or governor in parts of Malaysia and Indonesia."
],
"id": "en-penghulu-en-noun--NqL1J1P",
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[
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],
[
"governor",
"governor"
]
]
}
],
"word": "penghulu"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "penghulu andika"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "penghulu bendahari"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "penghulu sambang"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "peng-",
"3": "hulu"
},
"expansion": "peng- + hulu",
"name": "af"
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{
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
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{
"args": {
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"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
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"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Malay penghulu",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "penghulu",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "inherited from Malay penghulu",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Affixed peng- + hulu, inherited from Malay penghulu.",
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{
"form": "pênghulu",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulu-penghulu",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penghuluku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulumu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulunya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
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}
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"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pêng‧hu‧lu"
],
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"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
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{
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"customary chief"
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[
"head",
"head"
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[
"leader",
"leader"
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"customary"
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],
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{
"word": "kepala"
},
{
"word": "ketua"
},
{
"word": "kepala adat"
},
{
"word": "ketua adat"
}
]
},
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"langcode": "id",
"name": "Islam",
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"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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},
{
"_dis": "9 38 21 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms prefixed with peng-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"chief, head, leader",
"marriage officiant, imam, priest"
],
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[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
],
[
"marriage officiant",
"marriage officiant"
],
[
"imam",
"imam"
],
[
"priest",
"priest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"chief, head, leader",
"(Islam) marriage officiant, imam, priest"
],
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{
"word": "kepala"
},
{
"word": "ketua"
}
],
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"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
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{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"chief, head, leader",
"head of Islamic religious affairs in the regency or municipality"
],
"id": "en-penghulu-id-noun-BgdMHajK",
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[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"chief, head, leader",
"(Islam) head of Islamic religious affairs in the regency or municipality"
],
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{
"word": "kepala"
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{
"word": "ketua"
}
],
"topics": [
"Islam",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "id",
"name": "Islam",
"orig": "id:Islam",
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"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
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{
"_dis": "8 11 31 50",
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"Entry maintenance"
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{
"_dis": "9 38 21 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms prefixed with peng-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 19 24 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"chief, head, leader",
"Islamic religious affairs counselor at the district court"
],
"id": "en-penghulu-id-noun-k0Nkrq7Z",
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[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
]
],
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"chief, head, leader",
"(Islam) Islamic religious affairs counselor at the district court"
],
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"word": "kepala"
},
{
"word": "ketua"
},
{
"word": "kadi"
}
],
"topics": [
"Islam",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəŋ.ˈhu.lu/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-lu"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"id:penghulu"
],
"word": "penghulu"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "penghulu"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: penghulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: penghulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "penghulu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: penghulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: penghulu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "peng-",
"3": "hulu"
},
"expansion": "peng- + hulu",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "pangulo"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog pangulo",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "peng- + hulu. Cognate with Tagalog pangulo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ڤڠهولو",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulu-penghulu",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penghuluku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"informal",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulumu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulunya",
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"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "ڤڠهولو"
},
"expansion": "penghulu (Jawi spelling ڤڠهولو, plural penghulu-penghulu, informal 1st possessive penghuluku, 2nd possessive penghulumu, 3rd possessive penghulunya)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penglima"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "panglima"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay terms prefixed with peng-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ms",
"name": "Society",
"orig": "ms:Society",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chief part"
],
"id": "en-penghulu-ms-noun-jybrxsnK",
"links": [
[
"chief",
"chief"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay terms prefixed with peng-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ms",
"name": "Society",
"orig": "ms:Society",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"leader, chief"
],
"id": "en-penghulu-ms-noun-KEud9DLD",
"links": [
[
"leader",
"leader"
],
[
"chief",
"chief"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-u"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pemimpin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "leader",
"word": "tuan"
}
],
"word": "penghulu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ms:Society"
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ms",
"3": "penghulu"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from Malay penghulu",
"name": "unadapted borrowing"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from Malay penghulu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penghulus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penghulu (plural penghulus)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Malay",
"English terms derived from Malay",
"English terms with quotations",
"English unadapted borrowings from Malay",
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"Pages with entries",
"en:Malaysia"
],
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{
"ref": "2015, Eka Kurniawan, translated by Labodalih Sembiring, Man Tiger, Verso, page 17:",
"text": "As soon as she graduated, Anwar Sadat dragged her and the classmate said to be responsible to a penghulu, who could officiate at the wedding.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 November 30, Rahayu Mahzam, “Second Reading Speech by Senior Parl Sec, Mdm Rahayu Mahzam, on State Lands Protection Bill”, in Ministry of Law (Singapore):",
"text": "Outdated provisions such as the appointment of forest rangers and penghulus to carry out duties, which are no longer relevant to modern Singapore, will also be removed.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A local chief or governor in parts of Malaysia and Indonesia."
],
"links": [
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"governor",
"governor"
]
]
}
],
"word": "penghulu"
}
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"Indonesian lemmas",
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"Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
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"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/lu",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/lu/3 syllables",
"ms:Society"
],
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{
"word": "penghulu andika"
},
{
"word": "penghulu bendahari"
},
{
"word": "penghulu sambang"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "peng-",
"3": "hulu"
},
"expansion": "peng- + hulu",
"name": "af"
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{
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"expansion": "inherited",
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{
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"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Malay penghulu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "penghulu",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "inherited from Malay penghulu",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Affixed peng- + hulu, inherited from Malay penghulu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pênghulu",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulu-penghulu",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penghuluku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulumu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulunya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "pênghulu",
"pl": "duplication"
},
"expansion": "pênghulu (plural penghulu-penghulu, first-person possessive penghuluku, second-person possessive penghulumu, third-person possessive penghulunya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pêng‧hu‧lu"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"chief, head, leader",
"customary chief"
],
"links": [
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
],
[
"customary",
"customary"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kepala"
},
{
"word": "ketua"
},
{
"word": "kepala adat"
},
{
"word": "ketua adat"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"id:Islam"
],
"glosses": [
"chief, head, leader",
"marriage officiant, imam, priest"
],
"links": [
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
],
[
"marriage officiant",
"marriage officiant"
],
[
"imam",
"imam"
],
[
"priest",
"priest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"chief, head, leader",
"(Islam) marriage officiant, imam, priest"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kepala"
},
{
"word": "ketua"
}
],
"topics": [
"Islam",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"id:Islam"
],
"glosses": [
"chief, head, leader",
"head of Islamic religious affairs in the regency or municipality"
],
"links": [
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"chief, head, leader",
"(Islam) head of Islamic religious affairs in the regency or municipality"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kepala"
},
{
"word": "ketua"
}
],
"topics": [
"Islam",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"id:Islam"
],
"glosses": [
"chief, head, leader",
"Islamic religious affairs counselor at the district court"
],
"links": [
[
"chief",
"chief"
],
[
"head",
"head"
],
[
"leader",
"leader"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"chief, head, leader",
"(Islam) Islamic religious affairs counselor at the district court"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kepala"
},
{
"word": "ketua"
},
{
"word": "kadi"
}
],
"topics": [
"Islam",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəŋ.ˈhu.lu/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-lu"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"id:penghulu"
],
"word": "penghulu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay terms prefixed with peng-",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Malay/u",
"Rhymes:Malay/u/3 syllables",
"ms:Society"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "penghulu"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: penghulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: penghulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "penghulu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: penghulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: penghulu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "peng-",
"3": "hulu"
},
"expansion": "peng- + hulu",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "pangulo"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog pangulo",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "peng- + hulu. Cognate with Tagalog pangulo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ڤڠهولو",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulu-penghulu",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penghuluku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"informal",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulumu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "penghulunya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "ڤڠهولو"
},
"expansion": "penghulu (Jawi spelling ڤڠهولو, plural penghulu-penghulu, informal 1st possessive penghuluku, 2nd possessive penghulumu, 3rd possessive penghulunya)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "penglima"
},
{
"word": "panglima"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"chief part"
],
"links": [
[
"chief",
"chief"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"leader, chief"
],
"links": [
[
"leader",
"leader"
],
[
"chief",
"chief"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-u"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pemimpin"
},
{
"english": "leader",
"word": "tuan"
}
],
"word": "penghulu"
}
Download raw JSONL data for penghulu meaning in All languages combined (6.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.